Feb 17, 2017

Weekend Links - 2/17/17

QUOTE OF THE DAY

I think the maximum extent to which we can quantify risk premia is with a 0 or a 1. Either the premium exists based on a sufficient set of broad criteria, or it doesn’t. Trying to quantify the absolute or relative value of premia is a fool’s errand, which makes strategic asset allocation based on even the most robust mean-variance optimization equally foolish. - Adam Butler 

CHART OF THE DAY



RETIREMENT FINANCE AND PLANNING

To Enhance Lifetime Retirement Security, Use ReverseMortgages or Immediate Annuities? Warshawsky, JFP.  Results show that for three timeframes with different interest rate levels, the life annuity produced higher income for individuals of almost all ages and both genders in retirement, while for couples, the reverse mortgage produced generally higher incomes, although the income from the annuity improves relatively when the age spread among the couple widens and as they are older.  

Spending from a Portfolio in Retirement, Mike Piper.  there are three broad questions you have to answer: 1. Which account(s) to spend from each year (i.e., Roth, tax-deferred, taxable), 2. Which assets to spend from (i.e., stocks first, bonds first, or both at the same time), and 3. How much to spend per year.  

Taleb, the Barbell Portfolio and Safety-First Financial Planning, Michael Edesess.  An important question is, does such a strategy pay too much for too absolute a level of protection (and therefore sacrifice too much upside)? Analogies abound. How much is it worth paying to make your travel by automobile absolutely safe? Should you drive a Sherman tank? Is it worth it?... This is a very difficult question to answer conclusively. There is no clear method of cost-benefit analysis that can answer it.  Along with the safety benefit of the safety-net approach, one important benefit is that it should drastically reduce the investor’s vulnerability to panic…Whatever is the right way to look at how to control risk in a portfolio (and there can never be only one “right” way, because people’s concepts of risk are kaleidoscopic), it is a breath of fresh air to read a paper that doesn’t automatically assume that risk is the standard deviation of a portfolio’s returns distribution. We need, in order to give meaningful practical advice on investing in real-world circumstances, to break free of the straitjacket of modern portfolio theory. 


[comment: good article.  Passing through the gateway into retirement changes portfolio management, for me, from risk-return thinking to outcome management.  In my own plan I need to make sure two things happen: 1) a bare minimum lifestyle that is slightly better than sleeping under a bridge must be guaranteed (independent of social security), and 2) I must, by portfolio design or some kind of self-improvement process, protect myself from my own behavioral biases…like panic selling when things are bad.  My portfolio design flows from those principles and it sometimes, not always, looks different than accumulation/MPT/total-return portfolios.] 

Companion link to the above.  Tail Risk Constraints and Maximum Entropy.  Geman, Geman, Taleb. …we derive the shape of portfolio distributions which have maximum entropy subject to real-world left-tail constraints and other expectations. Two consequences are (i) the left-tail constraints are sufficiently powerful to overide other considerations in the conventional theory, rendering individual portfolio components of limited relevance; and (ii) the "barbell" payoff (maximal certainty/low risk on one side, maximum uncertainty on the other) emerges naturally from this construction.

[comment: this article is totally beyond me…but…it does in fact connect to practice in the real world.  If I happen to have 60-80% of my portfolio "committed" to a floor, and kinda I do (it's an at-risk floor to be sure), then 100% of the "excess" is in risk assets. That's the same as the article but with less math. Barbell strategy, floor-and-upside, whatever you want to call it it's the same thing, and I did not have to do any calculus to get there.]



The Life Cycle Model, Replacement Rates, And Retirement Income Adequacy, Andrew Biggs.  If a replacement rate measure is to be broadly consistent with the life cycle model, it seems that it should compare retirement incomes to an average of real annual pre-retirement earnings measured over some extended period of time.  

Which Is Better For Retirement Portfolios: TIPS OrTraditional Treasuries? Pfau. I tend to lean toward TIPS as a default choice, but individual circumstances could certainly warrant a more mixed approach.   

How Investors Underestimate How Long They’ll Live in Retirement, WSJ.  In fact, the most likely age for a 50-year-old woman to die is 88 and the most like age for a man is 85. A woman is more likely to die at age 92 than at her life expectancy age of 83, and a man is more likely to die at age 89 than 80. So it’s best to plan to live longer and adjust accordingly. 

-The Home as a Risky Asset
-The Impact of Rates of Return on Roth Conversion Decisions
-Do Financial Advisors Follow Their Own Advice? Evidence from 2008-2011
-Expected vs. Actual Retirement Savings Behavior of Highly Educated Individuals
-Risk Tolerance and Goals-based Savings Behavior of Households:
-Preventing Financial Elder Abuse.
[comment: I recommend this issue for no other reason than that one of the authors of one of the articles is named Jesse Outlaw.  Now I want that name.]


How Does the Level of Household Savings Affect Preference for Immediate Annuities? EBRI.  Regression results show that people at the bottom- and top-ends of the savings distribution (those with the least and most assets) are more likely to buy annuities than people in the middle of the savings distribution. Also, savings has a large positive effect on preference for annuities only for those in the highest savings category. Possible explanations for such behavior follow.  


MARKETS AND INVESTING 


Alpha or Assets,  investorfieldguide.com  

Role of Valuation Changes in Rolling Equity Returns, thinkNewfound.com   Inflation and dividend yield together drive 90%+ of 30-year returns on average  

The Financial Advisor’s Guide to Asset Allocation, Ben Carlson.  The perfect allocation will only be known in hindsight…The majority of the time, doing nothing is the best decision you can make.  

Refining the Failure Rate, Estrada IESE. 

What Do TIPS Tell Us About Future Inflation Rates? W Pfau.  Despite the other factors of TIPS pricing, the difference between Treasury and TIPS rates for the same maturity represents a reasonable market estimate of future inflation expectations.  

-Liquid Alternative Mutual Funds versus Hedge Funds
-Asset Allocation Strategies, the 1/N Rule, and Data Snooping
-Undiversifying During Crises: Is It a Good Idea?
-Beating the Market: Dynamic Asset Allocation with a Market Portfolio Benchmark
-The Impact of Global Uncertainty on the Global Economy…
-Factor Investing: The Rocky Road from Long Only to Long Short
-Systematic Tail Risk
-Managing Risks in Institutional Portfolios

Lessons from long-term global equity performance, sr-sv.com.  When the two signals agree—for example, in the market-timing context when the market is cheap and has recently begun to improve—the double signal is especially strong… Over long horizons, value and yield indicators tend to have the best predictive ability; over short horizons, momentum and macro indicators are more helpful. No tactical indicators are particularly reliable for near-term market timing.    

ALTERNATIVE RISK

DIY hedge fund, Alpha Architect. 

Betting Against Correlation: Testing Theories of theLow-Risk Effect, Cliff Asness et al, AQR.  Consistent with both leverage and lottery theories contributing to the low-risk effect, we find that BAC is related to margin debt while idiosyncratic risk factors are related to sentiment. 

Are Hedge Funds Betting Against Low-Volatility Stocks? Quantpedia.com  The finding that the multi-trillion hedge fund industry is not arbitraging but contributing to the low-volatility anomaly also argues against the popular notion that the anomaly is disappearing or becoming an ‘overcrowded’ trade. 

Factors v implementation, Morningstar.  

The Dynamics of Belief Formation and Price Momentum, Dontoh et al. NYU.  …unsystematic random fluctuations in observed prices arising from factors such as liquidity trading affect Bayesian belief formation, and thereby trading strategies, in such a way that equilibrium price changes can manifest both momentum and reversals. 


SOCIETY AND CAPITAL

The Middle Income Trap and Governance Issues, Timothy Taylor.  In short, economic growth and development isn't just about pulling the right economic policy levers--government budgets, monetary policy, investment in education, foreign aid, and the like. It's also about the extent to which economic forces have flexibility to function within the political and legal institutions of that society. 

The Happy City, Mr. Money Mustache.  



Findings from a Pilot Study to Measure Financial Fraud inthe United States, Finra and Stanford University - Stanford Center on Longevity. Half of the survey respondents reported victimization by one or more major category of fraud in the past year. This is much higher than the Federal Trade Commission’s (FTC, 2013) estimate that 10.8% of U.S. adults were defrauded in 2011, and also higher than the National White Collar Crime Center’s (NWC3) prevalence rate of 16.7% (Huff et al., 2010). Consumer products and services fraud was reported with the highest frequency — nearly 43% of the sample reported experiencing one or more of these types of scams. 



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