Jun 29, 2017

Weekend Links - 6/29/2017

QUOTE OF THE WEEK

No matter how you build your portfolio, hindsight will show it to be the objectively sub-optimal decision if your goal is only to maximize returns. Corey Hoffstein 



MAP OF THE DAY




RETIREMENT FINANCE AND PLANNING

Chapter 19: Individual Biases in Retirement Planning and Wealth Management, independent.  This chapter … describes giving nudges to help individuals close the savings, investing, and behavior gaps that will improve their total wealth and wealth-transfer picture. 

The Most Important Factor in Determining Your Retirement Withdrawal Rate, retirementreseacher.com.  Blanchett found the level of guaranteed income to be by far the most important factor in explaining optimal spending rates from investments. Withdrawal rates were up to four percentage points higher across the range of guaranteed income levels he examined. …Optimal success rates vary based on individual circumstances, but as a general rule of thumb, Blanchett finds a 75 percent success rate is generally a more acceptable target than one of 90 or 95 percent…A simple focus on a retirement income strategy that applies a low failure rate for the investment portfolio is woefully incomplete….An over reliance on only spending at a “safe” withdrawal rate may unduly sacrifice lifestyle in early retirement. 


Delaying Social Security Claims (or Not), Dirk Cotton.  If you expect a short retirement but experience a long one, you may well regret having claimed Social Security benefits early…Delaying Social Security benefits is like saving some acorns for a long winter.  You have to strike a balance between how much you eat today and how much you will have to eat if the winter is exceptionally long.  


Using the Actuarial Budget Benchmark (ABB) to Find Your Retirement Spending Comfort Zone, Ken Steiner Annually benchmarking your spending budget against your ABB provides you with a measure of how aggressive your current investment and spending strategy is relative to a relatively low-risk annuity-based pricing strategy.  And while we also agree with Dr. Pfau’s conclusion as it also applies to investment strategies, we will not “wade” into that area, as it is not within our field of expertise.  We do, however, believe that the answers to these questions, in combination with using the ABB, can help retirees find their retirement spending comfort zone.   

The ERN Family Early Retirement Capital Preservation Plan, earlyretirementnow.com There is no one-size-fits-all solution. Everybody’s situation is different because everybody has different preferences, constraints, risk aversion attitudes, etc. For example, the safe withdrawal rate changes over time depending on equity valuations and the safe withdrawal rate can be vastly different depending on your age and expectations about Social Security 

Retire on the House: The Possible Use of Reverse Mortgages to Enhance Retirement Security, Warshawsky at ssrn.  This paper focuses on the use of reverse mortgages or home equity conversion mortgages (HECMs) to enhance retirement security. If present trends continue, many American households working today will face a significant retirement funding gap, and this study asks whether reverse mortgages can be used to fill at least some of this estimated gap. This study provides a detailed description of the features and history of reverse mortgages; reviews the existing literature on the motivations people have to use their houses to pay for retirement expenses, especially for long-term services and supports; and, in original empirical simulations, finds that only 12–14 percent of all retired households are suitable for, and might sensibly use, home equity conversion mortgages.  


MARKETS AND INVESTING 

What Do We Know about Investor Irrationality? Michael Edesess at advisorperspectives.com.  To the extent that an advisor’s counsel is simply to refrain from trying to time the market, it may well add value. 

Strategy Entropy, NYT. No single strategy is likely to beat the market forever.  

Has the meteoric rise of passive investing generated the“greatest bubble ever”? 13D.com “It seems algos are programmed with a bias to buy. Individual stocks have risen to ludicrous levels that leave rational humans scratching their heads. But since everything always goes up, and even small dips are big buying opportunities for these algos, machine learning teaches algos precisely that, and it becomes a self-propagating machine, until something trips a limit somewhere.”  

Optimal Portfolio Choice with Benchmarks, Bernard et al. Grenoble, Ghent, & Vrije.  We construct an algorithm that makes it possible to numerically obtain an investor’s optimal portfolio under general preferences. In particular, the objective function and risks constraints may be driven by benchmarks (reflecting state-dependent preferences). We apply the algorithm to various classic optimal portfolio problems for which explicit solutions are available and show that our numerical solutions are compatible with them. This observation allows us to conclude that the algorithm can be trusted as a viable way to deal with portfolio optimization problems for which explicit solutions are not in reach.   [ I understand none of this ]

Staying out of the ETF Graveyard, Factset.  [relevant: I just got liquidated out of an ETF that closed down].  

What We Can Learn from Andrew Lo’s Adaptive Markets, Laurence Siegel.  In the modern study of capital markets there have been two kinds of innovation: (1) insights that contribute to our ability to make better judgments, as found in the brilliant work of Fischer Black, Peter Bernstein, Marty Leibowitz, and many others; and (2) true hypotheses and theories, which are testable and, as I’ll explain shortly, falsifiable. The latter are few and far between. Andrew Lo’s book aims to present a new theory of capital markets, but, while it does not really do so, it is full of brilliant insights into behavior, evolution and the ways in which these factors help us to better understand how capital markets work… It’s an intellectual adventure – a very long one – for people whose interest in markets and behavior has led them to pursue a liberal arts self-education strategy.  [half way thru this…] 


How much do Treasuries tell us about recessions? FRED Blog. On the other hand, narrowing spreads (including negative spreads) may signal worsening conditions.  


ALTERNATIVE RISK

Factors & Financial Planning, Corey Hoffstein.  We ask the question: “should our relative allocation to different factor products differ based upon our risk tolerance?” 

Academic Research Insight: Factors And The Road To Retirement, AlphaArchitect.  Can factor premia (value, size, momentum and quality) help the aspiring retiree achieve the goal of accumulating enough to meet his retirement spending needs? … YES- Factor premia (except for size) can enhance the distribution of terminal wealth compared to the core portfolio of global equities. The authors simulate two robustness checks where they hypothesize lower future mean returns of factor premia and skill based market timing of the global equity manager. Results of the factor premia enhancement properties seem to hold up. 

Factor Investing: Evidence Based Insights, alphaarchitect.com "To me, evidence based investing means reviewing all the relevant research on a topic, viewing this body of research as a whole, understanding the economic/human underpinnings of the finding, and then making an informed decision that is as objective as possible. Achieving the title of being an “evidence based investor” sounds easy, but the reality is that this is incredibly difficult. This difficulty is only magnified by the sheer amount of information and (so-called) research being distributed into the marketplace. To solve this information overload problem investors often get complacent and rely on a single firm’s research (or research group) to inform their opinion on all matters. This approach will likely turn you into a faith based investor, not an evidence based investor (see here for a piece on the subject). And when it comes to factor investing, we often see well-meaning investors, who want to be evidence-based investors, quickly devolving into faith based investors who are no longer critically reviewing and assessing the available research." 

Duration Timing with Style Premia, Newfound.  In timing our duration exposure, we are effectively trying to time the bond risk premium (“BRP”).  The BRP is the expected extra return earned from holding longer-duration government bonds over shorter-term government bonds…Risk averse investors will require a premium for the uncertainty associated with rolling over the short-term bonds at uncertain future interest rates. In an effort to time the BRP, we explore the tried-and-true style premia: value, carry, and momentum.  We also seek to explicitly measure BRP and use it as a timing mechanism. 

Mixing collateral with a managed futures portfolio - Need to know marginal contributions, mrzepczynski.blogspot.  The premise is simple. If only limited funds are used for margin, the majority of cash associated with a managed futures investment are held in low interest investments. This portion of the managed futures capital can be better deployed to increase returns. Similarly, managed futures can be used as an overlay to an existing portfolio to better use cash. 

Is Value-Added and Opportunistic Real Estate Investing Beneficial? If So, Why ? Shilling (2013).  Results demonstrate that while value-added and opportunistic private equity real estate investments have higher returns than core investments, their superior returns are driven primarily by market conditions and the use of cheap debt rather than by risk exposure. 

Dynamic Asset Allocation for Practitioners, Part 2: The Many Faces of Price Momentum, ReSolve. In this second article on Dynamic Asset Allocation for Practitioners we will explore several methods for measuring price momentum to compare and contrast their utility under different portfolio concentration and asset universe specifications. 


SOCIETY AND CAPITAL



Understanding the Determinants of Financial Outcomes and Choices: The Role of Non cognitive Abilities, BIS. …we find that people in the bottom decile of noncognitive abilities are five times more likely to experience financial distress compared to those in the top decile. Relatedly, individuals with lower noncognitive abilities make financial choices that increase their likelihood of distress: They are less likely to plan for retirement and save, and more likely to buy impulsively and to have unsecured debt. Causality is shown using childhood trauma as an instrument.

Chapter 15: Psychological Aspect of Financial Planning. Ageno School. Financial planning draws from various disciplines, including counseling, psychology, finance, economics, and law. It includes budgeting and cash flow planning, risk management, insurance planning, investment planning, retirement and employee benefits planning, tax planning, and estate planning. The strategic process whereby financial planners develop integrated strategies that draw from all these fields in pursuit of client goals is the profession’s unique domain. Heuristics and mental biases to which clients may be prone overlay the entire financial planning process, however. Financial planners should understand and consider these issues when developing recommendations uniquely suited to each client, maximizing the probability that the client will embrace and implement the recommended strategies.

Should Governments Invest More in Nudging? Ssrn.

The rise (and fall?) of the cost of education, FRED blog. Education inflation appears to be converging with general inflation, at least for now

Seattle’s Minimum Wage Hike May Have Gone Too Far, 538. New research released Monday by a team of economists at the University of Washington suggests the wage hike may have come at a significant cost: The increase led to steep declines in employment for low-wage workers, and a drop in hours for those who kept their jobs. Crucially, the negative impact of lost jobs and hours more than offset the benefits of higher wages — on average, low-wage workers earned $125 per month less because of the higher wage, a small but significant decline…Even some liberal economists have expressed concern, often privately, that employers might respond differently to a minimum wage of $12 or $15, which would affect a far broader swath of workers than the part-time fast-food and retail employees who typically dominate the ranks of minimum-wage earners. Other economists said there simply wasn’t enough evidence to predict the impact of minimum wages that high. …“Nobody in their right mind would say that raising the minimum wage to $25 an hour would have no effect on employment,” Autor said. “The question is where is the point where it becomes relevant. And apparently in Seattle, it’s around $13.”

Higher Local Minimum Wages: Updating Results from Seattle, Timothy Taylor. As I've said before, I'm happy to let the empirical patterns tell me what to believe. Based on this evidence, jacking up what is already a very high city-level minimum wage to even higher levels is bad for the total earnings of low-wage workers in that city.

The Challenge of Electrifying Africa, Tim Taylor. Perhaps just as disturbing as the lack of electricity across many areas of Africa is that even the seemingly aggressive plans in place--essentially, to triple electricity capacity by 2030--would lead to less than half of what is needed to provide provide full access to Africa's population at that time (leaving aside the question of what quantity will be available on a per capita basis).

Deep State’s Regulatory Binge Creating Thin Wallets, AIER. If U.S. regulation were a country, its cost would rank behind the GDP of India and ahead of that of Italy, CEI said… The stealth tax amounts to nearly $15,000 per U.S. household

Work and incentives. Cochrane. our government is quickly creating a legal class system based on income… "Socialist" Sweden turned out to be remarkably hard nosed about incentives. If they can do it, so can we.
Watch Us Prison System Grow, metricmaps.

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