Retirement Finance; Alternative Risk; The Economy, Markets and Investing; Society and Capital
Nov 30, 2016
3D Mean-Variance-Diversification Model 2014-2016
This was kind of fun. This is the mean-variance space for portfolios of SPY AGG EFA GLD IYR ~2014-thru-Nov2016 but with a third dimension added based on a diversification function (e.g., low value is concentrated 100% in one asset class; a high value would mean the allocation is spread evenly across 5 asset classes). This 3d space is an efficient frontier using something like 1% of possible allocations of 5 assets if done in 1% allocation increments (~4500).
Nov 29, 2016
Book Mention: Quantitative Momentum by Gray and Vogel
This does not rise to the level of a "review" so we'll call it a mention.
Quantitative Momentum (Wiley Finance, 2016. 208 pages) is a great new work on momentum investing by Wesley Gray and Jack Vogel. It
follows a previous work (not read by me yet) Quantitative Value. QM is a well researched and appropriately
analytical contribution to the literature on the momentum anomaly. It is good, as would be expected, at giving a
background and rationale for the momentum effect. The book also makes a good case for the place
for momentum in a portfolio while also being particularly helpful with some of
the concepts of implementation. It is
not over-the-top technical in terms of academic finance and mathematics (no
calculus or limits or summation notation as far as I saw in a brief read) and I
think it is approachable to a retail investor who has at least a little
background in or exposure to the various concepts involved in understanding alternative
risk.
Nov 27, 2016
Simple Deterministic View of the PV of Spending Rates vs Longevity
I had no real reason for doing this other than I was curious what it looked like plus my SO forced me to think about this after I got a "don't worry, pat on the head" kind of thing. No one seems to think much about longevity uncertainty these days except the academic researchers.
Nov 25, 2016
Weekend Links - Thanksgiving Edition
QUOTES OF THE DAY
Efficiency is Beauty. -- Mr. Money Mustache
CHART OF THE DAY
More technically, to implement the portfolio construction
suggested by modern financial theory, one needs to know the entire joint
probability distribution of all assets for the entire future, plus the exact
utility function for wealth at all future times. And without errors! … We are
lucky if we can know what we will eat for lunch tomorrow –how can we figure out
the dynamics until the end of time?
--Nassim Taleb
--Nassim Taleb
Efficiency is Beauty. -- Mr. Money Mustache
CHART OF THE DAY
RETIREMENT FINANCE AND PLANNING
Joe Tomlinson on Variable Withdrawal and ImprovingRetirement Outcomes, my post on his post... Optimal asset allocations for variable
withdrawal strategies are quite different from the research findings and rules
of thumb based on fixed strategies. Indeed, the implications go beyond asset
allocation and show, for example, that equity glide paths in retirement are
relatively unimportant.
Savings after Retirement: A Survey, Nardi et al. NBER and Fed (Chicago and Richmond ). The saving patterns of retired US
households pose a challenge to the basic life-cycle model of saving. The
observed patterns of out-of-pocket medical expenses, which rise quickly with
age and income during retirement, and heterogeneous life span risk can explain
a significant portion of US saving during retirement. However, more work is
needed to distinguish these precautionary saving motives from other motives,
such as the desire to leave bequests. Progress toward disentangling these
motivations has been made by matching other features of the data, such as
public and private insurance choices. An improved understanding of whether intended
bequests left to children and spouses are due to altruism, risk sharing,
exchange motivations, or a combination of these factors is an important
direction for future research.
What is synthetic tenure, and why is it important?
Benefitnews.com
Retirement Spending, the RMD, and the PMT() Function. Blanchett,
Maciej, and Chen (2012) and Sun and Webb (2012) both studied the RMD rule as a
spending option and found it to be a reasonable strategy that roughly
approximates more sophisticated attempts to optimize spending... Though these
methods are more sophisticated, the underlying PMT formula remains as the
philosophical core of the spending recommendations. [comment: I have posted on this (i.e., PMT()) before in a discussion of Waring and Seigel's Annually Recalculated Virtual Annuity(ARVA)]
Nov 21, 2016
On Being Careful - Dividends, Part 2
I wanted to take one more look at this question of dividends
that I started to address in a previous post On Being Careful… . And it is not because I am a partisan of dividends or because I wholly buy the
party line of dividend-growth-ers. In my calmer moments I still feel that total
return is a game to aspire to especially if one has very long timeframes and
does not have a large spending requirement, requirements that if turned the
other way around might actually give me pause when contemplating concepts like
MPT and total return . I want to take a
look at this again because the "emphatic absoluteness" of the
statement by an industry expert (“there is literally no logical reason for
anyone to have a preference for dividends”) is still ringing in my ears.
Nov 19, 2016
Joe Tomlinson on Variable Withdrawal and Improving Retirement Outcomes
I might have linked to this article before but Joe Tomlinson, in a recent article at Advisor Perspectives (How Variable Withdrawals Improve Retirement Outcomes, Joe
Tomlinson. 10/17/16), had a nice distillation of his recent thinking and research on variable withdrawals, asset allocation, and the use of annuities to improve retiree outcomes in terms of consumption, shortfall risk, and legacy planning. I thought I'd add a little personal commentary. It is a short article that is easy enough to read and it probably does not require a set of bullet point extracts but here they are anyway:
Nov 18, 2016
Weekend Links
QUOTES OF THE DAY
“No one can afford anything anymore.” SquaredAway Blog
CHART OF THE DAY
Those that prosper consistently will think deeply,
reevaluate, adapt, and continually evolve. That is the nature of a competitive
world. -- Farnham Street, Moneyball edition
“No one can afford anything anymore.” SquaredAway Blog
CHART OF THE DAY
RETIREMENT FINANCE AND PLANNING
U.S.Life Expectancy Now 6 Months Shorter, FinancialAdvisor Mag. The average 65-year-old American man should
die a few months short of his 86th birthday, while the average 65-year-old
woman gets an additional two years, barely missing age 88. This new data turns
out to be a disappointment. Over the past several years, the health of
Americans has deteriorated—particularly that of middle-aged non-Hispanic
whites. Among the culprits are drug overdoses, suicide, alcohol poisoning, and
liver disease, according to a Princeton
University study issued in
December…This is bad news for almost everyone but pension fund managers…Still,
the bottom line is that longevity’s rise has slowed way down.
A New Tool to Visualize Retirement Planning, Bob Veres.
Nov 17, 2016
The Other Inflation
The results are in for 2017. All I have to say is that if you have an ACA subsidy or if you are employed or if you are over 65, go hug your family and tell them it could be worse. Me? The spread between health care inflation and "normal inflation" for early retirees who are on their own without a subsidy means they need to take money from one pot (let's say kids or future retirement capital or current lifestyle for example) to pour into another (incremental increases in health care costs under the ACA). And this time its not pretty. I finally get, viscerally, the concept of inflation as a tax. Here's what it looks like for me going as far back as 2010:
The top is time series change of costs since 2010. That's regular inflation in red (CPI-U inflationdata.com) and average employer based insurance, single coverage, in grey (Kaiser Family Foundation Survey 2016). My health data is in dark blue. The bottom in light blue is year over year % change.
My 2016-2017 % change: ~47%
My 2010-2017 annualized rate: 16.3%
The top is time series change of costs since 2010. That's regular inflation in red (CPI-U inflationdata.com) and average employer based insurance, single coverage, in grey (Kaiser Family Foundation Survey 2016). My health data is in dark blue. The bottom in light blue is year over year % change.
My 2016-2017 % change: ~47%
My 2010-2017 annualized rate: 16.3%
Nov 14, 2016
Nov 12, 2016
An Epidemic of Despair
"Quiet ‘Epidemic’ Has Killed Half a Million Middle-Aged White Americans"
The items above are from "Rising morbidity and mortality in midlife among white non-Hispanic Americans in the 21st century" Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton
from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
[Comment: This graph above is one of the more interesting, if not startling, ones I've seen this year]
"Despite advances in health care and quality of life, white middle-aged Americans have seen overall mortality rates increase over the past 15 years, representing an overlooked "epidemic" with deaths comparable to the number of Americans who have died of AIDS, according to new Princeton University research."
"The results are published in a new paper in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences from Anne Case, the Alexander Stewart 1886 Professor of Economics and Public Affairs, and Angus Deaton, the 2015 Nobel laureate in economics and the Dwight D. Eisenhower Professor of International Affairs and professor of economics and international affairs."
"The results are published in a new paper in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences from Anne Case, the Alexander Stewart 1886 Professor of Economics and Public Affairs, and Angus Deaton, the 2015 Nobel laureate in economics and the Dwight D. Eisenhower Professor of International Affairs and professor of economics and international affairs."
The items above are from "Rising morbidity and mortality in midlife among white non-Hispanic Americans in the 21st century" Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton
[Comment: This graph above is one of the more interesting, if not startling, ones I've seen this year]
Nov 11, 2016
Weekend Links - Election Week
QUOTE OF THE DAY
After all, civility doesn’t require consensus or the suspension of criticism. It is simply the ability to disagree productively with others while respecting their sincerity and decency. That can be hard to do when emotions run so high. But if we understand better the psychological causes of our current animosity, we can all take some simple steps to turn it down, free ourselves from hatred and make the next four years better for ourselves and the country. - Jonathan Haidt and Ravi Iyer in the WSJ
CHART OF THE DAY
After all, civility doesn’t require consensus or the suspension of criticism. It is simply the ability to disagree productively with others while respecting their sincerity and decency. That can be hard to do when emotions run so high. But if we understand better the psychological causes of our current animosity, we can all take some simple steps to turn it down, free ourselves from hatred and make the next four years better for ourselves and the country. - Jonathan Haidt and Ravi Iyer in the WSJ
CHART OF THE DAY
RETIREMENT FINANCE AND PLANNING
How to Navigate and Prep for a Surprise Early Retirement,
WSJ. Understanding where you are
financially will give you a sense of control amid a retirement that may be out
of your control, financial advisers say.
A Portfolio Approach to Retirement Income Security, Steve
Vernon. With the decline of traditional
pensions, many older workers and retirees urgently need to decide how to make
their retirement generate income that lasts for the rest of their lives. With
retirements that can last 20 to 30 years or more, this is indeed a daunting
challenge for those fortunate enough to have significant savings by the time
they retire.
Before Retiring, Take This Simple Test, WSJ. Many choose to
retire too early, much to their regret financially
Retirement health care estimates vs. reality,
financial-planning.com. Health care
costs are one of the largest—and potentially most variable—expenses in
retirement. Unfortunately, many clients either ignore these expenses when they
make a retirement income plan or make woefully inadequate estimates. A study of
almost 2,000 adults by Fidelity Investments found that 48% of respondents
estimated they would spend $50,000 per person for health care in retirement.
That's a low number according to most published research. Most data illustrates
a starkly different scenario, suggesting substantially higher costs.
The Downside of Retirement, Darrow Kirkpatrick. Yes, retiring is great fun for most people,
at first.
Nov 10, 2016
On Being Careful - Dividend Edition
"In theory there is no difference between theory and
practice. In practice there is."
--
Generally attributed to Yogi Berra
I think that really smart guys that have a little above
average visibility in the financial blogosphere have a slightly higher bar than
others when it comes to being careful in their commentary.
Me? I could sling whatever I want around my blog and it means almost
nothing. This thought came to me as I was listening to a blog/podcast at Meb Faber's site that consisted of a conversation between
Meb (a blogger I like and respect and whose blog I read often -- co-founder and the
Chief Investment Officer of Cambria Investment Management) and Larry Swedroe
(another guy I like and respect -- principal and director of research for Buckingham,
an independent member of the BAM Alliance and a contributor to many finance
conversations, especially at ETF.com) on dividend strategies.
Nov 9, 2016
Longevity and Uncertainty 2
I was looking back at some of the longevity stats in my previous posts and realized that the mean and standard deviation are less helpful in non-normal distributions -- the distribution implied in the SS tables is clearly not normal -- so I thought I'd recast it in quartiles to see what it looks like. Not sure if I got this completely right; maybe some math-enabled person can correct me at some point.
Nov 8, 2016
Nov 5, 2016
Longevity as a Moving Target
I've seen this (and posted on it) before elsewhere but this is what happens to your longevity estimate in your retirement plan when you get the good news you have survived yet another year. This ignores medical advancements that will change the equation, too. Don't forget that if you have some socio-economic edge, the estimates will nudge up as well.
It's been A Long Trip Down "Trading Lane"
I remember reading "Trading for a Living" by
Alexander Elder back in 2005 when I was just starting to dabble in trading
systems. I can't remember if it was in
that book or in some article I read or in some conversation with a trading
mentor but the prevailing idea has always been that 95% of people that attempt to
trade (usually middle aged guys [and it's almost always guys isn't it], say
40-55, with a technical or professional background in engineering or software or law or
medicine who think that success in one field logically and necessarily translates to the
next…maybe a little like Michael Jordan trying to play baseball, for example. I fit this profile, too, btw.) fail when starting to trade and they usually
fail three times -- the first time with their own bankroll, the second time with
someone else's money and the third time with the last few desperate pennies
extracted from the tightly closed fists of friends and family. The idea out there was also that there was some kind of
multi- year process where it took something like 2 years (maybe more) to lose money, then 2 years (maybe more)
to break even, then 2 years (maybe more) to make a modest profit, and thereafter it is supposed to work out OK. Keep in mind I am talking here about retail traders that are doing it solo without the institutional support and
systems and mentorship that can make corporate 20-somethings wildly successful
and rich. I was also advised once that
since people can't expect to become a successful engineer or a cardiologist or an attorney
without sinking some serious time (years) and effort and money (100s of
thousands in those examples) into education, apprenticeship, and career development, they can't then expect to just step right up to a computer and shake a stick at a few moving
averages and make a mint. I, of course,
believed none of it. I thought that, like
an alchemist looking at a chunk of lead, I could unlock riches just doing a
little magic here and there.
Nov 4, 2016
Weekend Links - Fri Nov 4, 2016
QUOTE OF THE DAY
The future always will be uncertain. With the progression of
time, the expected outcome is overruled by the realized outcome. Goals evolve.
Longevity expectations change. Returns are realized—above or below prior
expectations. In reality, we must adapt to new information. Recourse decisions
are made in the future based on information that becomes available only in the
future. -- Peter Mladina
CHART OF THE DAY
RETIREMENT FINANCE AND PLANNING
Retirement Income Showdown: Risk Pooling vs. Risk Premium,
Wade Pfau; ssrn. Abstract: The retirement
income showdown regards finding the most efficient approach for meeting
retirement spending goals: obtaining mortality credits through risk pooling
with an income annuity, or investing for upside growth through the stock risk
premium. Analyzing the question involves understanding how clients view a
hierarchy of retirement goals related to spending, liquidity and legacy. Client
attitudes toward longevity risk aversion also matter: how fearful is the client
of outliving their investment portfolio? Risk pooling offers a unique source of
returns not available from an investment portfolio: those in the risk pool who
experience shorter lives subsidize the payments to those in the pool who
experience longer lives (mortality credits). Risk pooling may provide a cheaper
way to meet a spending goal, leaving more assets to cover contingencies and
support legacy. The primary advantage of an investments-only strategy is that
it can support greater legacy in the short-term compared to a
partial-annuitization strategy that uses risk pooling to meet spending goals
and investments to meet liquidity and legacy goals. Risk averse retirees,
though, may feel obligated to earmark a larger portion of their portfolio to
spending goals, which leaves less true liquidity, while also exposing the
spending goal to the risk of portfolio depletion. The advantages of risk
pooling include a contractual guarantee to support lifetime spending, the
ability to meet spending goals with a smaller portion of assets that creates
greater true liquidity for the retirement income plan, and the potential to
support a larger legacy in the event of a long life.
Nov 1, 2016
Life Expectancy and Uncertainty
A better title to this post is the question I
really wanted to ask: "how wide is one standard deviation in life
expectancy estimates for a 58 year old guy in Florida." The answer to this kind of question is more than likely covered better elsewhere in some kind of technical finance literature. It's probably also only one Google search away but I wanted to run it out
myself just to see how it went.
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